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Truffles are probably the single most sought-after and expensive vegetable in the culinary world. Traditionally, attempts to cultivate them have borne good, but not great results, although I understand that farmers are getting better and better all the time. There are many many varieties of this little fungus that grows under ground, but two are commonly used in haute cuisine:
tuber melanosporum and
tuber magnatum, or the black and the white truffle respectively.
Truffles historically have been widely regarded as aprhodisiacs. The Greeks and Romans were truffle crazy in their hedonistic societies. Brillat Savarin, the great 19th century French gastronome, relays a story of a virtuous maid succumbing to a suitor after dining on truffle stuffed pheasant. No doubt today, the smell of truffle from across a dining room gets many a heart palpitating.
I must confess that it is torturous for me to serve them to people - we usually shave them right at the table where I work. This never fails to make me feel dreadfully ravenous.
Lore, legend, and commonly held beliefs about truffles are that people who forage for them use pigs to locate them under several feet of soil. They usually grow among the root systems of certain types of trees - different species of truffles like different types of trees. European truffles prefer oaks, and North American ones often grow under fir trees. The reason pigs like them is because the chemical compound that makes truffles smell so delicious is the same compound as one found in boar saliva. This drives the lady pigs wild and makes them want to root up the truffles to get at that sexy boar smell. I am not making this up!
The only problem with all of this is that pigs, like humans, also like to eat truffles. Therefore modern truffle hunters have trained dogs to locate them just as effectively as the pigs, only the dogs don't tend to eat the truffles. Goats have also been used with some success. New experiments are even being done with machines designed to detect them in ways I can't understand. The market demand for them is such that people are willing and able to invest significant amounts of money into finding new and more efficient ways of tracking these little love nuggets down.
What you should know about truffles on your Valentine's Day date: